Construction should be designed according to the geological design, engineering content, refine the construction process and the specific process requirements. The main contents include: construction purposes, basic data, production data, the current technical condition of the underground, the previous construction, the construction requirements, construction procedures and well control content. Well control should include:
(1) the environmental conditions surrounding the well field site survey;
(2) complete the appropriate pressure rating of well control equipment, including well control equipment, tools, materials, details and related requirements;
(3) Prepare killing fluid according to the requirements of engineering design, on-site detection density and number;
(4) operational requirements specifically well control device;
(5) single well clear contingency plans;
(6) to prevent high-risk wells requirements.
Downhole construction is a complex process, different construction projects, there are different construction process, different construction designs, different well control requirements.
A perforating job well control requirements
(1) According to the geological formation pressure prediction parameters perforated interval, horizon and permeability, a reasonable choice of kill fluid density and optimize the order and shot perforating larvae L mode;
(2) Select the kill fluid density according to the formula;
(3) perforation Options: Special rate wells, horizontal wells, etc. must apply tubing-conveyed perforating, well blocks encountered in high pressure wells may be appropriate to choose according to the actual situation and condition tubing-conveyed perforating, other wells optional cable perforation ;
(4) According to the well condition with mounting BOP;
(5) During the installation of the cable perforation perforation cable BOP;
(6) the use of pipeline perforation, lifting the ignition if necessary, install a half-cock seal blowout preventers and tubing;
When the completion tubing (7), the tubing with a cock;
(8) the construction process closely monitored wellhead dynamic;
(9) If the perforation process kicks, overflow phenomenon, should be raised frame, close the blowout preventer, a chance to play out time frame, should cut the cable, quickly close the blowout preventer;
(10) under the process of completion tubing kick if overflow phenomenon, should open the floodgates, timely installation of tubing cock, and then wait for killing construction;
(11) Construction blowout occurred during and immediately start "contingency plan", fire, explosion, minimize pollution and reduce losses.
Second, the test oil (gas) work well control requirements
(1) indicate the formation pressure coefficient prediction;
(2) indicate the use of BOP pressure rating;
(3) pre-construction and installation of wellhead and Christmas tree controllers and other essential equipment, before the next string job to be ready for the appropriate pressure rating cocks;
(4) Remote Console BOP hydraulic outside 15m from the wellhead, and placed in the position of the limelight, the accumulator during construction within the blowout preventer console must maintain adequate working pressure to meet operational requirements;
(5) Check the lifting equipment, wellhead equipment to ensure performance in normal working condition;
(6) from the power system under operation, power slip system, brake system intact state during construction;
(7) The test oil well site team debris clean up, maintain emergency evacuation channel flow, and set the benchmark;
(8) If the construction of an overflow occurs, immediately stop the construction, closed BOP, killing measures taken;
(9) the process of measuring gas wellhead pressure should be closely observed changes, abnormal should immediately stop the construction, for processing;
(10) during the measurement gas separator tank pressure can not be controlled, splitter operator should withdraw immediately, quickly closed the wellhead;
(11) found that test separator gas pipeline operator or separator lines have frozen blocking phenomenon occurs, the operator should promptly shut down the well, and take immediate measures plugging;
(12) found that the measured operating separator separator tube or pipe barbed drain phenomenon occurs, the operator should promptly shut down the well, and dealt with immediately, and then, after pressure test test gas wells;
(13) measured gas construction, operations officer finds gas pipeline measuring jitter occurs, the operator shall promptly shut down the well, and processed immediately;
(14) in the starting string and ground connections, disassembly tools, never allow violent blows tubing and tools to avoid causing fires and explosions.
Third, the gas well fracturing operations and control requirements
1. Situation should provide wellbore structure
(1) sleeving, steel grade, thickness and depth below;
(2) the extent of the casing intact, whether set point, the casing damage cases;
(3) the repair of the casing.
2. Should provide cementing quality case
(1) cement outside the tube back to high;
(2) if the quality of cementing;
(3) describes the abnormal situation occurs when cementing.
3. Should provide a pressure situation
The original reservoir pressure and the current well formation pressure data, if there is no current data available on the block formation pressure of the well where the current formation pressure.
4. Should provide connectivity of adjacent wells
(1) oil wells, injection pressure and connectivity connectivity;
(2) adjacent wells ever describe the abnormal situation and its impact on the construction of the well construction and related tips.
5. Provide a detailed description of gas reservoir
(1) whether there is gas reservoir construction hole section;
(2) gas reservoir pressure situations;
(3) the impact of past gas reservoir construction and construction-related tips for this.
6. The choice of killing fluid request
If the hole formation pressure is high, you should choose based on formation pressure control fluid, and to provide the type of kill fluid, density and volume.
7. Selection and installation requirements to provide well control device
(1) the type of well control device;
(2) technical requirements for well control equipment is installed;
(3) pressure test of well control equipment technical requirements.
8. Put pressure on the job during construction monitoring requirements
(1) the need to monitor the pressure of the situation;
Method (2) to be equipped with pressure monitoring equipment and instruments.
9. Proposed construction work during unusual circumstances of emergency measures
Description (1) construction are unusual circumstances, such as tubing or casing overflow occurs;
(2) emergency measures enforced by different anomalies.
Fourth, the general overhaul of well control operations requirements
(1) have a formation pressure, reservoir data, gas-oil ratio, depth, reservoir location and other relevant information, and to determine the number of the control fluid properties and wells;
(2) The wells should provide accurate and high-pressure wells adjacent layers, formation pressure, leakage layer information and whether there have been blowouts and other unusual circumstances, who have shot to open the horizons must provide initial production and recent production;
Quality and production casing cementing and other well construction materials (3) to provide completion;
(4) to be equipped with the appropriate pressure gradient grade BOP well control equipment and facilities, according to the Department of the formation pressure, etc., depending on the well type and category, with indicators and the number of well control equipment and fire facilities have clear requirements;
(5) high-pressure reservoir, high GOR wells layers tips to make clear, to propose viable BOP well control measures, and to participate in the construction personnel detailed technical tests;
(6) work well control the various positions have a clear division of labor, the implementation of key positions sit post system;
Drill, design (7) of the wells with large diameter tools (tool diameter than the inner diameter of production casing above 80%) shall be provided on the drill to mention speed and detailed BOP measures, non-high-speed lift pumping drilling wellbore;
(8) have safety precautions, according to the construction of wells, while conditions in ensuring the safety of the construction, give full consideration to the requirements of the protection of the reservoir;
(9) emergency measures after blowout should occur.
Fifth, take cover, and skewed a job well control requirements
(1) wellsite spare barite powder not less than 50t;
(2) prepared by the engineering design workover fluids and workover fluids stable performance. Equipped with a full workover fluid performance test equipment complete and intact, and make a record once per shift detection;
(3) To ensure good workover pump Sheung Shui, not evacuated. Strict implementation workover drilling parameters designed to achieve the design displacement during drilling, proper control of drilling speed, prevent drill and bit balling;
(4) to observe the workover fluid reservoir level changes, such as an overflow occurs, timely reporting;
(5) Before drilled oil added to the workover fluid density design limit, and workover fluids stable performance;
(6) drill add emphasis to stop drilling workover fluid aggravated conduct prohibited heavier side edge drilling;
(7) on the reservoir site is strictly prohibited to use the high-speed drill when lifting gear, when the density of the liquid from the drilling and workover design limit, according to the provisions workover fluid filled, and let someone take the post;
(8) should pay attention to the well leak fluid level in the wellbore workover fluid, when the level drops to timely irrigation well workover fluid;
(9) from the drill site to the reservoir block car I use to prevent pumping, irrigation once every column from three workover fluid, and make the measurement;
(10) is finished after the casing must be filled before workover fluid circulation prohibited by Kelly workover fluid infusion;
(11) in a shallow gas reservoir area to take cover and skewed operational requirements under the surface casing and the blowout preventer installed to prevent shallow gas blowout;
(12) a full set of well control equipment at the well site to conduct water pressure test, ram BOP, kill manifold, choke manifold pressure are the candidate to the rated working pressure to the regulator for not less than lOmin, drop no more than 0.7MPa, no leakage of seal qualified;
(13) in the process of completion operations, should ensure that the blowout preventer intact, not advance the blowout preventer removed.
Six oil wells maintenance work should be well control data and measures
(1) well structure (casing), Christmas tree model;
(2) the depth of the oil wells;
(3) and the current formation pressure;
(4) installation of the appropriate level of well control device according to the formation pressure, the device is well-control inspection of plant products;
(5) The killing was well chosen parameters, performance;
(6) of the wells and the adjacent wells poisonous gases, the measures to be taken appear harmful gases;
(7), the preventive measures under the tubing out of control;
(8) a densely populated area and secure vital plant leadership have approved plans for well control, well control equipment with the appropriate standby;
(9) clearly well control operations team responsible person, and well control runaway incident occurred treatment program;
(10) wellsite status quo, placed well control equipment meets.